What to study? Machine learning vs Computer Science vs Cyber Security vs Financial Engineering

Today I helped a student review his study options (Bachelor level). We discussed and looked at the courses the university offered in four areas: machine learning, computer science, cyber security, financial engineering. Debating the 'deeper analytical learnings', I mentioned the following: Machine Learning ML is much about models of models in a very mathematical sense. No one knows how to teach it that way (yet). One tends to learn more about ML tools and technics than theory. Computer Science Few model in computer science because expensive, very hard to manage and hard 'get right'. However, applied math and crypto/blockchain domains are easier to approach in a 'modelled CS approach'. Functional programming is a highly effective way to be successful in doing that. The CSL language from Elevence , a functional language, was a rare 'purely modelled CS effort' ( inspired by complementary higher-order type properties , now named DAML). It was also a rare e...